Ezetimibe is a new drug of its own kind that acts by inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols. It interferes with a specific CH transport protein NPC1C1 in the intestinal mucosa and reduces absorption of both dietary and biliary CH. There is compensatory increase in hepatic CH synthesis, but LDL-CH level is lowered by […]
Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative which effectively lowers plasma TG level by enhancing breakdown and suppressing hepatic synthesis of TGs. Besides high efficacy in type III hyperlipoproteinemia, gemfibrozil has shown action in subjects with raised blood CH in addition. In the ‘Helsinki Heart Study’ men without known CAD treated with gemfibrozil had a 34%
Bile Acid Sequestrants or Resins are drugs used prevent bile acid absorption in the intestines in order to lower the cholesterol levels in the long run. Two commonly used Bile Acid Sequestrants are Cholestyramine and CoestipoI. These are basic ion exchange resins supplied in the chloride form. They are neither digested nor absorbed in the
The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study was a study done in 1994 to understand the role of simvastatin in particular and statins in general on the lipid levels in diseased individuals. In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study , patients with history of MI (80%) or angina (20%) and raised serum CH level (> 212 mg/dl) were
Hyperlipoproteinaemia is the increase in lipoproteins in the blood. Hyperlipoproteinaemia can be of the following two types: (i) Secondary Hyperlipoproteinaemia: associated with diabetes, myxoedema, nephrotic syndrome, chronic alcoholism, drugs (corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, Beta blockers) etc. (ii) Primary Hyperlipoproteinaemia: due to: (a) A single gene defect: is familial and called ‘monogenic’ or genetic Hyperlipoproteinaemia. (b) Multiple
Liver secretes very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) containing mainly TG and some CHE into blood. VLDL is acted upon by endothelial lipoprotein lipase in the same way as on Chy and the fatty acids pass into adipose tissue and muscle; the remnant called intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) now contains more CHE than TG. About half
Lipid transport occurs in the plasma as lipoproteins after getting associated with several apoproteins; plasma lipid concentrations are dependent on the concentration of lipoproteins. The core of lipoprotein globules consists of triglycerides (TGs) or cholesteryl esters (CHE) while the outer polar layer has phospholipids, free cholesterol (CH) and apoproteins. The lipoproteins have been divided into
Genetics and hereditary factors play an important role in the incidence of bacteria helicobacter pylori infection. Moreover it has been found that when there is recurring infection it may lead to serious complications like stomach cancer. In common cases the clinical presentation of bacteria helicobacter pylori involves peptic ulcers and gastritis. This kind of infection
Pyloroplasty and Vagotomy are surgical methods that are applied for the resection or partial severing of a part of the gastrointestinal system; and it is used for the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcers. There are many controversies, regarding the decision for pyloroplasty and vagotomy for resolving the defect. Therefore, many studies have been conducted and
The finney pyloroplasty is performed when there is excessive bleeding in the duodenum and the surgery requires a longer incision on the duodenum. Thus the finney pyloroplasty is ideally used for the closure of fibrotic duodenum. In certain cases where there is excessive scarring of the pylorus canal, heineke mikulicz pyloroplasty cannot be performed and
